Correlación ecográfica, mamográfica e histopatológica en el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama en Guantánamo, 2010-2015

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer de mama se conoce desde épocas remotas, el tumor de mama es la neoplasia maligna más importante en la mujer. Se considera la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en las mujeres en el mundo. Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación ecográfica, mamográfica e histopatológica del carcinoma de mama en la provincia de Guantánamo. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo en 140 pacientes durante el período de 2010 a 2015 en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo. El dato primario se obtuvo del Registro Provincial de Cáncer con diagnóstico de tumor maligno de mama. Resultados: La mayor incidencia de la enfermedad se registró a partir de los 45 años (80 %), el promedio de edad del diagnóstico fue de 57 más menos 15 años. La mama izquierda tuvo una mayor frecuencia a verse afectada con respecto a la mama la derecha (53 % vs. 46 %), fue poco frecuente que ambas mamas se encontrasen afectadas de forma sincrónica (menos del 1 %). El 53 % presentó una lesión de aspecto espiculado en la mamografía, de aspecto sólido en la ecografía y correspondiente a un carcinoma ductal infiltrante por histología. Conclusiones: Existe correlación entre los diagnósticos ecográficos, mamográficos y el diagnóstico definitivo histopatológico del cáncer de mama.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Since ancient times, breast cancer has been studied. It is current the most important invasive neoplasm in women and considered the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. Objective: To assess the ultrasound, mammographic and histopathological correlation for the diagnosis of breast cancer in Guantanamo province. Method: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted in 140 patients during the period 2010-2015 at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" in Guantánamo. The primary information was obtained from the Provincial Registry Database of Cancer with the diagnosis of malignant breast tumor. Results: The highest incidence of the disease was recorded in patients 45 plus years of age (80%), the average age at diagnosis was 57 ± 15 years. The left breast was more frequently affected than the right breast (53% vs. 46%), it was not common for both breasts be affected synchronously (less than 1%). The 53% of patients presented a lesion with a speculated appearance on mammography, solid appearance on ultrasound. This lesion, as per histology criteria, it corresponded to an infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Conclusions: There is a correlation between ultrasound, mammographic diagnoses and the breast cancer related definitive histopathological diagnosis.

RESUMO Introdução: O câncer de mama é conhecido desde a antiguidade, sendo o tumor de mama a neoplasia maligna mais importante na mulher. É considerada a principal causa de morte por câncer em mulheres no mundo. Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação ecográfica, mamográfica e histopatológica do carcinoma de mama na província de Guantánamo. Método: Estudo observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado em 140 pacientes durante o período de 2010 a 2015 no Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo. Os dados primários foram obtidos do Registro Provincial de Câncer com diagnóstico de tumor maligno de mama. Resultados: A maior incidência da doença foi registrada após 45 anos (80%), a média de idade do diagnóstico foi de 57 anos mais ou menos 15 anos. A mama esquerda teve maior frequência de acometimento em relação à mama direita (53% vs. 46%), sendo raro que ambas as mamas fossem acometidas de forma síncrona (menos de 1%). 53% apresentavam lesão com aspecto espiculado na mamografia, aspecto sólido na ultrassonografia e correspondendo a carcinoma ductal infiltrante pela histologia. Conclusões: Existe correlação entre os diagnósticos ultrassonográfico e mamográfico e o diagnóstico histopatológico definitivo de câncer de mama.

A Histopathological Study of Malignant Lesions of the Female Breast in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Incidence of breast malignancy is increasing in India which can be attributed mostly to changing lifestyle and increased hormone usage, and partly to increasing awareness. We wanted to determine the prevalence of malignant breast lesions in females, evaluate the histological spectrum of malignant breast lesions and study their association with common findings like age, side, histological grade and their biological behaviour.METHODSPresent study is a two-year (August 2016 to July 2018) cross sectional study of malignant lesions of female breast, conducted in the Department of Pathology of Jawaharlal Lal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan.RESULTSIn this study, 159 malignant lesions of the female breast were diagnosed during study period that comprised of 26.02% of total breast lesions and 1.22 % of the total histopathological samples received. Age of the females having malignant breast lesions ranged from 28 years to 92 years with a mean age of 52.87 ± 12.944 years. The incidence of malignant breast lesions was maximum in 5th and 4th decades of life. The most common clinical symptom for presentation was the palpable lump (79.25%) in the breast. Lesions were more common in the right breast (53.5%), than left. The commonest quadrant involved in malignant lesions of breast was upper outer (30.19%). Infiltrating ductal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion (85.33%) followed by invasive lobular carcinoma (5.66%). Out of 99 specimens having lymph node with it, 65 (65.66%) cases show metastatic deposits of malignancy. Grade II (MBR score) lesions (51.35%) were found most commonly.CONCLUSIONSHistopathology of the malignant lesion is useful in understanding the morphological and biological behaviour of the malignancy as some types of malignancy have aggressive behaviour. Grading and staging have an important role in treatment plan (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy) and also in assessing the prognosis

Comparison of free radicals in blood in pre-operative and post-operative phases of breast malignancies: a clinicopathological study

Background: Various factors have been identified as influencing factors of breast cancer. The free radicals can cause increased oxidative stress by negatively affecting the body’s nucleic acids, lipids and proteins leading to various illnesses including cancer. Therefore, this study was aimed at discovering the progress of treatment of breast carcinoma by exploring the connections of the disease with free radical injury.Methods: The present study was conducted among 30 breast carcinoma patients received in the surgery department of BRD Medical College Gorakhpur. Determination of the levels superoxide dismutase (SOD) (the procedure of photoluminescence), catalase (method of Cavarochi) and the lipid peroxidise was done. The results were presented as mean and standard error (SE). P value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Among the total participants, 73% patients had infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 27% patients had intraductal carcinoma. The dismutase levels showed an increase in the post-operative patients for both the groups. The catalase levels and the lipid peroxide levels showed a reduction in the postoperative patients (p<0.05).Conclusions: The present study result showed that the low amounts of SOD and catalase may not be sufficient to detoxify high amounts of free radicals. The administration of catalase could help in reducing the symptoms. Though, low amounts of SOD and catalase may not be sufficient to detoxify high amounts of free radicals. The administration of enzymes could help in the treatment of breast cancer patients.

A Study of Histopathological Spectrum of Breast Lesions

Introduction: Breast cancer accounts for one-third of female cancers and approximately one-fourth of all malignancies.Malignancy not only poses a financial burden on the patient, their family, and society but also is responsible for emotional distress.Aim: This study aims to evaluate the frequency, age, gender, and histopathological features of breast carcinoma in a tertiarycare hospital.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Coimbatore Medical Collegeand Hospital, from January 2017 to October 2018. Tissue for hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) sections was fixed in 10% formalinand subjected to routine paraffin-embedded processing and stained with H and E. The histopathological features were noted, andthe tumors were diagnosed based on the WHO classification and graded adopting modified Bloom–Richardson grading system.Results: Of the 120 specimens received, 116 specimens belonged to female patients (97%). The peak age of the occurrenceof breast masses was in the 3rd decade (32% occurrence). Both malignant and non-malignant lesions were present in thespecimens. Among the 98 benign lesions, 45 cases were of fibroadenoma (46%), 23 cases were of fibroadenosis (23%). Amongthe 22 malignant lesions, 17 cases were of infiltrative duct cell carcinoma (77%).Conclusion: The pattern of breast lesions provides valuable information concerning clinicopathological profile of breast lesions.The clinical diagnosis of a breast lump must be correlated with histopathological diagnosis for correct and adequate treatmentof patient.

Study of the expressions of NF-κB and MTA2 in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast and their correlation / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of NF-κB and MTA2 in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast and their correlations to clinicopathologic character.Methods The expressions of and MTA2 in breast cancer and paired adjacent normal breast tissues of 68 breast invasive ductal cancer patients were detected by real-time quantitative PCR method,and their correlations to the clinicopathologic characteristics of breast invasive ductal cancer were analyzed.Results The expressions of NF-κB and MTA2 in breast invasive ductal carcinoma were not related to age,tumor size and histological stage (P＞0.05),and were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P＜0.05).In addition,MTA2 was highly expressed in the tissues of ER positive breast invasive ductal cancer patients (P＜0.05).There was a positive correlation between the expression of NF-κB and the expression of MTA2 in breast cancer tissue of the infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast patients(r=0.808,P=0.012).Conclusion Measurement of NF-κB and MTA2 from breast invasive ductal carcinoma tissue may provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis,progression and prognosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast.

Cytohistological Correlation of Breast Tumors – A case study

Generally patients with breast tumors complain of lump in the breast which may be painful or painless and may be associated with nipple discharge or not. Benign tumors of the breast are common among younger age group <30 years. But the chances of malignancy increases with increasing age. Most of the cases of breast cancer are found in age group >50 years. FNAC forms the initial diagnostic method in patients with breast lump. A total of 250 patients with different breast lesions attended cytology section of our Pathology department for FNAC. Out of which 197 cases came for histopathological correlation in the study period of 2 years from January 2016 to December2017. Among these majority were benign tumors (114 cases) but an alarming number of 51cases were malignant. Next in number were benign breast diseases (24 cases). There was one case each of ductal papilloma, gynaecomastia. The commonest benign breast tumors were fibroadenoma whereas the commonest malignant tumors were infiltrating ductal carcinoma. There was one case each of lobular carcinoma in situ, infiltrating lobular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in male breast, inflammatory carcinoma, sarcoma breast. Hereby, we have analyzed different types of breast lesions in different age groups based on cytological evaluation followed by its histopathological confirmation.

Detección y tipificación de virus del papiloma humano en biopsias de carcinoma ductal infiltrante y lesiones benignas de mama en mujeres venezolanas

Objetivo: Realizar la detección y tipificación del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en muestras de biopsias de tejido mamario con carcinoma ductal infiltrante. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de 57 biopsias de carcinoma ductal infiltrante, y 41 biopsias de lesiones benignas de mama de pacientes venezolanas, estas fueron evaluadas utilizando la técnica PCR-RFLP en busca de la presencia del genoma del virus de papiloma humano. El riesgo OR fue evaluado mediante análisis estadístico con el paquete SPSS 12.0. Resultados: Treinta y tres (57,9 %) de las muestras de carcinoma ductal infiltrante tuvieron un resultado positivo para virus de papiloma humano, 19 de ellas pudieron ser tipificadas como: VPH-6b 15,15 %; VPH-11 3,03 %; VPH-18 12,12 %; VPH-33 27,27 %; VPH-45 3,03 % y VPH-58 3,03 %; de este grupo el 42,4 % fueron positivas no determinadas para la presencia de ADN del virus. Seis biopsias de lesiones benignas (14,6 %), presentaron infección por virus de papiloma humano, determinándose para ellas los tipos VPH-6b 33,33 %, VPH-11 16,67%, VPH-33 16,67% y 33,33 % positivas no determinadas. Se determinó estadísticamente que la presencia de virus de papiloma humano en tejido mamario aumenta 10,77 veces la posibilidad de desarrollar carcinoma ductal infiltrante. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos corroboran los resultados de otros investigadores, colocando al virus de papiloma humano como posible agente involucrado en la inmortalización de las células epiteliales de la mama.

Objective: To perform the detection and typing of human papilloma (HPV) virus in biopsy samples of breast tissue invasive ductal cancer. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 57 biopsies of invasive ductal carcinoma, and 41 biopsies of benign breast lesions of Venezuelan patients were evaluated using the PCR-RFLP technique for the presence of the human papillomavirus genome. The OR risk was evaluated by statistical analysis using SPSS package. Results: Thirty-three (57.9%) of invasive ductal carcinoma samples had a positive result for human papillomavirus, 19 of them could be classified as: HPV-6b 15.15%; HPV-11 3.03%; HPV-18 12.12%; HPV-33 27.27%; HPV-45 3.03% and HPV-58 3.03%. This group 42.4% were positive not determined for the presence of virus DNA. Six biopsies of benign lesions (14.6%) had human papillomavirus infection, determining for themselves the types HPV-6b 33.33%, 16.67% HPV-11, HPV-33 16.67% and 33.33% not determined positive. It is statistically determined that the presence of human papillomavirus in breast tissue 10.77 times increases the possibility of developing invasive ductal carcinoma. Conclusions: These findings corroborate the results of other researchers, placing human papillomavirus as a possible agent involved in the immortalization of epithelial cells of the breast.

Correlated expression of Pim-3 and NF-κB in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast / 重庆医学

Objective to investigate the role of Pim‐3 and NF‐κB in the development and progression of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast .Methods Here ,we used immunohistochemistry to detect expression of Pim‐3 and NF‐κB in 75 samples of infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma ,21 samples of intraductal breast carcinoma and 30 normal breast tissues .The relationship of their expression ,as well as their correlation with clinicopathological features and patient survival were assessed .Results In con‐trast ,both Pim‐3 and NF‐κB were more commonly detected in infiltrating ductal carcinoma than in intraductal carcinoma and normal tissue .In the infiltrating ductal carcinoma ,the positive expression rate of Pim‐3 was 77 .3% ,and that of NF‐κB was 68 .0% ;in duc‐tal carcinoma of the breast ,the positive expression rate of Pim‐3 was 52 .4% ,and that of NF‐κB was 42 .9% ;in the normal breast tissue ,the positive expression rate of Pim‐3 was 23 .3% ,and that of NF‐κB was 16 .7% ;the positive expression rate of Pim‐3 was correlated with tumor size ,histological grade ,and clinicopathological stage ;and that of NF‐κB was correlated with tumor size ,histo‐logical grade ,lymph node metastasis of breast cancer .Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between Pim‐3 expression and NF‐κB expression in infiltrating breast cancer (r=0 .243) .Conclusion Our results demonstrate that Pim‐3 and NF‐κB play a role in the initiation and development of breast cancer ,thus ,these proteins may serve as useful diagnostic and prognostic markers of invasive breast cancer .

Mammographic features of ductal carcinoma in situ and infiltrating ductal carcinoma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the mammographic findings of ductal carcinoma in situ,and to improve DCIS diagnosis.Methods 1 58 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinomas,27 cases of DCIS and 14 cases of DCIS with microinvasion identified by postoperative pathological were collected,and their mammographic data were analyzed etrospectively.Results There were significantly more calci-fication and pure calcification in DCIS group than in IDC group(both P 0.05),both of them mostly showed granula and punctate calcification.There were statistically significant difference those two diseases for the distribution of calcification (P <0.05),the linearity and V-shaped segmental distribution occupies a relatively high percentage in DCIS while the cluster-like calcification occupies a relatively high percentage in IDC.Conclusion Pure calcification is mainly mammographic feature of DCIS.The characteristic of calcification is distribute along duct.

Clinical pathology significance of Hepsin in breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of hepsin and its role in the pathogenesis of breast infiltrating ductal cancer ( BIDC) .Methods The expression level of hepsin was examined by immunobloting and immunohistochemistry in breast tissue samples from 8 healthy controls and 139 patients with BIDC,respectively. The correlation between hepsin level and its significance in clinical pathology of BIDC was assessed by statistical analysis.Results High level of hepsin was detected in nearly 70.5 percent of BIDC samples(98 out of 139)by immunobloting and immunohistochemistry , while the level of hepsin was relatively low or hardly detectable in healthy controls.In addition,there was a significant correlation between hepsin level and clinical stages as well as the level of histological differentiation of BIDC .Conclusion Increased expression of hepsin might play an impor-tant role in pathogenesis and progression of BIDC .The level of hepsin is positively correlated to clinical stages of BIDC,but negatively correlated with the level of histological differentiation of BIDC .

Supervivencia y seguimiento clínico de mujeres mastectomizadas durante una década / Survival and clinical follow-up of mastectomized women for a decade

Se llevó a cabo una investigación explicativa, de cohorte y aplicada, en 132 pacientes operadas por cáncer de mama, con seguimiento clínico en la consulta de Mastología del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, de enero del 2002 a igual mes del 2012, para evaluar la supervivencia en ellas e identificar algunos factores pronósticos asociados a la mortalidad por la entidad clínica. En la casuística el tipo de alteración hística preponderante fue el carcinoma ductal infiltrante, con una supervivencia en las féminas de 60,0 %; en tanto, el de pronóstico más desfavorable fue el carcinoma mixto, que no mostró supervivencia alguna al final del seguimiento, y el de mejor sobrevida, el carcinoma lobulillar. Las afectadas con tumores en estadios 0, I y IIA mostraron mayor supervivencia (100,0; 92,5 y 77,0 %, respectivamente) y entre las que padecieron metástasis a distancia, se obtuvo primacía de las diseminaciones hepática y óseas, y mejor sobrevida en aquellas con lesiones metastásicas locorregionales.

An applied explanatory cohort study was conducted in 132 patients operated for breast cancer, with clinical follow-up at the Mastology Department of "Saturnino Lora Torres" Provincial Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, from January 2002 to the same month of 2012, to assess their survival and identify some predictive factors associated with mortality from this condition. The predominant tissular alteration was infiltrating ductal carcinoma in the case material, with 60.0% of survival in females, while the worst prognosis was mixed carcinoma without survival at the end of follow-up, and that of the best survival was lobular carcinoma. Patients with tumors in stages 0, I and IIA showed improved survival (100.0; 92.5 and 77.0%, respectively) and among women who developed distant metastases were predominance of liver and bone spread and better survival in those with locoregional metastatic lesions.

Presence of CD3+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes is significantly associated with good prognosis in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast.

BACKGROUND: Aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of CD3+ TILs in infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immuno-histochemistry was done with CD3 antibodies in tissue sections of 127 breast cancer patients, and CD3+ intra-tumoral and stromal TILs were counted in relation to clinico-pathological variables. RESULTS: Intra-tumoral and stromal CD3+ TILs were significantly associated with positive lymph node status (P = 0.006, P = 0.043, respectively) without significant association with age, menopausal status, family history, and hormonal status. The higher CD3 intra-tumoral and stromal counts both showed significant association with good prognosis (P = 0.039, P = 0.044, respectively). The intra-tumoral count was higher than stromal count and was independently associated with disease-free survival in stage I and II cancer (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: CD3+ TILs may serve as independent marker of good prognosis in IDC breast. The findings of this study need further validation on a larger sample size.

Carcinoma de mama em mulher com 26 anos / Breast carcinoma in women aged 26

A incidência do câncer de mama vem crescendonas últimas décadas em todo o mundo. É consideradoo segundo tipo de câncer mais comum, sendo o maisfrequente entre as mulheres. Dados do National CancerIn Institute (NCI) mostram que menos de 1% dos cânceresde mama apresentam-se em pacientes com menosde 30 anos. A descrição deste caso tem como objetivocontribuir com mais dados estatísticos para um melhorconhecimento dos tumores de mama em pacientes jovens,que devido a sua baixa prevalência ainda necessitammaiores estudos quanto ao seu comportamento.Paciente feminina, 26 anos, ao auto-exame, palpounódulo em mama esquerdo. Solicitado ultrassonografiaque revelou nódulo em quadrante ínfero-lateral damama esquerda medindo 1,6 X 1,6 X 1,1cm. Submetidaao estadiamento tumoral, classificada como estadio IB(T2N0M0). Realizado ressecção segmentar de mama,evidenciando carcinoma ductal invasivo de 2,3 cm, graude difereciação II. Encaminhada ao serviço de oncologiapara avaliação do tratamento adjuvante.O caso descritoapresenta características clínicas e epidemiológicascompativeis com outros casos da literatura, exceto pelograu histológico e pelo tamanho clínico do nódulo epoderia ter sido diagnosticado, talvez ainda mas precocemente,se a paciente tivesse procurado atendimentomédico quase 1 ano antes, quando relata ter percebidoo nódulo.

The incidence of breast cancer has increased inrecent decades throughout the world. It is consideredthe second most common type of cancer and themost common among women. Data from the NationalCancer Institute (NCI) show that less than 1% of breastcancers present in patients younger than 30 years. Thedescription of this event aims to contribute more statisticaldata to a better understanding of breast tumorsin young patients, who due to their low prevalence stillneed further study as to their behavior. Female patient,26 years, at the self-examination palpated a nodulein the left breast. Ultrasound revealed a nodule in theinferior-lateral quadrant of the left breast measuring1.6 X 1.6 X 1.1 cm. Submitted to the tumor staging wasclassified as stage IB (T2N0M0). Submitted to a directedsegmental resection of the breast, which shows an invasiveductal carcinoma of 2.3 cm, grade II differentiation.Referred to the oncology service for evaluation of treatment.This case report presents clinical and epidemiologicalfeatures compatible with other cases from theliterature, except for histological grade and size of thenodule, which could have been diagnosed even earlier,if the patient had sought medical care almost one yearago, when she reports have noticed the nodule.

Solitary adrenal metastasis from invasive infiltrating ductal carcinoma: A case report and review of literature

Abstract: Solitary adrenal metastasis is a rare presentation in breast cancer and it presents the clinician with a difficult therapeutic dilemma as there are no existing guidelines for optimal management. On literature review, we only found one published case report of solitary adrenal metastasis from infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. Here we present a case of a 75 year-old lady who presented with a right breast lump which was subsequently confirmed to be infiltrating ductal carcinoma. She underwent a right mastectomy and axillary clearance. Computerised tomography (CT) staging revealed a solitary adrenal metastasis. She was treated with aromatase inhibitors and her tumour markers which were initially raised has now normalised.

Expression of osteopontin in breast intraductal carcinoma and infiltrating ductal carcinoma and its clinical significance / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the expression of osteopontin (OPN) in normal breast epithelium, intraductal carcinoma and infiltrating ductal carcinoma and its clinical significance. Methods: The expression of OPN was examined by S-P immunohistochemistry in all specimens, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: The positive rates of OPN in normal breast epithelium, intraductal carcinoma and infiltrating ductal carcinoma specimens were 0%(0/20), 20.0%(5/25) and 43.1%(25/58), respectively, with significant differences found between the latter two groups (P<0.05). OPN expression in breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma was not correlated with the family history, the sizes of primary tumor or patient ages, and it was correlated with histological types, clinical TNM stages and axillary lymphatic metastasis(P<0.05). Conclusion: OPN may participate in the development, progression, metastasis of breast cancer, and it may be used for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.

Applied Value of MR Dynamic Contrast-Enhancement at 3.0T MR Magneton in Diagnosing Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of Breast / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the value of MR dynamic contrast-enhancement in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast at 3.0T MR magneton.Methods 17 cases of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma underwent plain MRI and MR dynamic contrast-enhanced scan using 3.0T MR scanners with dedicated breast coil.All cases were confirmed by surgery and pathology.MRI signal intensity,morphology and hemodynamic characteristics of lesions were analysed.Results 17 breast infiltrating ductal carcinomas in 17 cases all appeared as masses,low(8/17)or equal(9/17)signal intensity on T_1WI,high(14/17)or equal(3/17)signal intensity on T_2WI.On morphology,the lesions were irregular and lobulated in shape(82.4%,14/17);undefinite margins(12/17)or non-smooth margins(15/17),glitch sign or astral sign(7/17);the lesions showed non-uniform marked enhancement(10/17)or ring enhancement(5/17)after intravenous administration of contrast agent.82.4%(14/17)of the lesions,the blood vessels could be seen gathering around the lesions on the maximum intensity projection(MIP)image.On hemodynamics,the early enhanced ratio for all cases was over 90%;88.2%(15/17)of the lesions,peak enhancement was less than three minutes;the time-signal intensity curve of the lesions appeared as type Ⅱ was 35.3%(6/17)and type Ⅲ was 58.8%(10/17)mostly.Conclusion Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI manifestations of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma are of certain characteristics,which may contribute to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Cutaneous metastases from carcinoma breast: The common and the rare.

Cancer metastasis is quite devastating to the patient as well as the physician and may herald the onset, dissemination or recurrence of malignancy. Breast carcinoma metastasis is the most common carcinoma encountered by dermatologists and it presents in various morphological and histological forms. Here, we present two varied cases, the first being the common nodular metastasis from a previously treated intraductal carcinoma and the second, the rarer variant, carcinoma erysipeloides as a heralder of the invasion of an incompletely treated disease.

Comparison of the Expression of Variants of CD44 between Node-positive and Node-negative Breast Carcinomas

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to determine the value of CD44 and its splice variants as markers for the metastatic potential of infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. METHODS: Tissue samples of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast were examined for the expression of standard CD44 (CD44H) and s CD44 isoforms, v3, v4-5 and v6 in 41 node-positive and 31 node-negative cases. The immunohistochemistry results were correlated with other clinicopathologic parameters, and these results were correlated with accompanying high grade and non-high grade DCIS areas of the tumors in both node-positive and node-negative cases. RESULTS: The expression of CD44 in the invasive tumor areas and in the metastatic foci of the lymph nodes showed a statistically significant correlation. The expression of CD44H in the invasive tumor areas and the DCIS area showed a statistically significant correlation in the lymph node (-) group. There was statistical significance between the CD44 H and CD44v3 expressions and the histologic grade of the invasive tumor in the cases with positive lymph nodes. There was no statistical significance between CD44 expression and lymph node metastasis, tumor size and type of tumor margin. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that changes in the CD44 expression in breast cancer occur early in breast carcinogenesis, and this is involved in tumor differentiation, but we could not establish any correlation between the expression of the CD44 variant isoforms and the metastasis of breast cancer.

The Immunohistochemical Expression of DNA Topoisomerase II-alpha and E2F-1 in the Breast Carcinoma and Their Relationship with Clinicopathologic Factors

PURPOSE: Clinical courses of breast cancer are very different, and concern for finding a predictable marker of breast carcinomas has increased. This study focused on the relationship between the expressions of DNA topoisomerase II-alpha as a proliferative marker, and E2F-1 as a transcription factor, with clinicopathological factors of infiltrating duct carcinomas of the breast. METHODS: We investigated the expressions of E2F-1 and DNA topoisomerase II-alpha in 43 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinomas using immunohistochemical staining, and the results were analyzed with regard to clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS: Among 43 infiltrating ductal carcinomas, 24 (55.8%) were immunohistochemically negative on E2F-1 and 19 (44.2%) were positive. The expression of E2F-1 correlated with increased tumor size, positive axillary lymph node meta stasis and high stage. The topoisomerase II-alpha index correlated with increased tumor size, positive lymph node metastasis, high stage, high histological grade and negative estrogen receptor. The expression of E2F-1 and the topo II-alpha index were significantly correlated. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the expressions of DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and E2F-1 play some role as prog nostic factors for infiltrating duct carcinomas of the breast, but much more study will be required.

Loss of Expression of the PTEN Gene Product in the Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast and Its Relationship with Clinicopathologic Factors / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: PTEN is a novel tumor suppressor gene located on chromosomal band 10q23.3. The detection of PTEN mutations in Cowden disease and in breast carcinoma cell lines suggests that PTEN may be involved in mammary carcinogenesis. Among several series of breast carcinomas, the frequency of loss of flanking markers around PTEN is approximately 30 to 40% and the somatic intragenic PTEN mutation frequency is less than 5%. METHODS: The expression of PTEN was stuided immunohistochemically studied in 41 invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast. We examined the correlation between PTEN expression and clinicopathologic factors such as age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histologic grade, nuclear grade, stage, as well as estrogen and progesteron receptors. RESULTS: Among the 41 infiltrating ductal carcinomas, studied 7 (17.1%) were immunohistochemically negative, and 19 (46.3%) demonstrated reduced expression. Among the clinicopathologic factors, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, high stage, and negative progesteron receptor displayed a significant relationship with the decrease of PTEN expression, however age, nuclear grade, and estrogen receptor had less of a relationship with PTEN expression. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PTEN does play some role as a prognostic factor for carcinogenesis, but this hypothesis requires further study.